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How Can Employers Get Tax Relief on Employee Pension Contributions

Employers play an important role in the financial security of their employees for later in life through pension contributions. Not only do these contributions help in building a robust retirement fund for employees, but they also offer employers valuable tax relief opportunities. Let’s look at how, as an employer, you can get tax relief on your employee pension contributions. 

Understanding the Two Main Methods

The UK tax system provides two primary methods for getting tax relief on employee pension contributions:

1. Net Pay Arrangement (NPA): In this approach, employers deduct pension contributions before applying PAYE (Pay As You Earn). This method is straightforward for employees, as they receive tax relief at their marginal rate of income tax without needing to take any extra steps. For employees, this translates into immediate tax relief, effectively lowering their taxable income.

2. Relief at Source (RAS): Differing from NPA, this method involves deducting contributions after PAYE. The pension scheme provider then claims back the basic rate tax relief from HMRC, adding this amount to the individual’s pension pot. However, for higher or additional rate taxpayers a further claim must be made to HMRC to receive the full tax relief due. This can be done through their tax code or a Self-Assessment tax return.

Which Method to Choose?

The choice of tax relief method is determined by the employer, not the individual employee. For all new registered pension schemes set up since April 2006, Relief at Source has been the default method. Employers, however, have the flexibility to choose the Net Pay Arrangement for new pension schemes, provided certain regulatory conditions are met. Once a scheme is registered, its form of tax relief remains fixed​​.

Salary Sacrifice Schemes

Many businesses choose the salary sacrifice arrangement linked to pension contributions. Under this arrangement, the employee agrees to a reduction in their salary in exchange for the employer making a higher pension contribution. This method effectively mirrors the Net Pay Arrangement in terms of tax relief. The good news is It can lead to savings on National Insurance contributions for both the employer and the employee.

However, it does require employers to be diligent in their reporting. If a salary sacrifice contribution is reported incorrectly as an employee contribution, it could lead to the pension scheme provider wrongly claiming tax relief from HMRC. The legal responsibility for any overclaimed relief falls on the pension scheme provider, emphasising accurate and careful reporting by employers​​.

Compliance and Reporting Obligations

To benefit from tax relief, employers must ensure their pension contributions satisfy several conditions. These include being paid within the accounting period and being wholly and exclusively for the business. What’s more, the amount of tax relief on substantial contributions may be distributed over several tax years, depending on the size of the contribution and the employer’s financial situation.

Employers are required to accurately report both their own and their employees’ pension contributions. Incorrect reporting can lead to compliance issues and potential penalties, highlighting how important good record-keeping and reporting practices are.

Maximising Tax Relief Benefits

For employers, understanding and properly managing pension contributions can lead to a sizeable tax relief. This relief can significantly reduce the overall cost of providing a pension scheme. Employers should consider the following strategies:

  • Choosing the Right Pension Scheme: Choose a pension scheme that aligns with your payroll system and is suitable for your employees’ tax situations.
  • Leveraging Salary Sacrifice Arrangements: Use salary sacrifice schemes to maximise tax and National Insurance savings.
  • Staying Informed: Keep up to date with changes in tax legislation and pension regulations to ensure you remain compliant and can make the most of the tax relief opportunities available. 

Final Thoughts

For employers, providing a pension scheme is a big part of employee benefits, offering a way for employees to plan for the future. By understanding the methods of Net Pay Arrangement and Relief at Source and sticking to reporting and compliance requirements, you can leverage tax relief opportunities and make sure you don’t pay more tax than you need to. 

At Norwich Accountancy, we’re here to help SMEs like yours make the most out of pension schemes and tax benefits. Tax rules can be tricky, especially with constant changes, but we’re here to guide you. Need help? We’re all about keeping things simple and helping you get every tax relief benefit you’re entitled to.

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Guidance on Rates and Thresholds for Employers from 2023 to 2024

Understanding tax codes, National Insurance contributions, and statutory payments is a crucial element in your role as an employer. It’s also vital to know the updated thresholds and rates set by HMRC to ensure accurate payroll management and tax compliance. To help, we’ve collated seven of the essential rates and thresholds for the 2023-2024 financial year.

1. Income Tax

The personal allowance, the amount of income you don’t have to pay tax on, remains a key figure.

  • Personal Allowance: £12,570
  • Basic rate (20%): For incomes over the personal allowance up to £37,700
  • Higher rate (40%): For incomes over £37,771 up to £125,140
  • Additional rate (45%): For incomes over £125,140

2. National Insurance Contributions (NICs)

You can only make National Insurance deductions on earnings above the lower earnings limit.

NICs thresholds:

  • Lower Earnings Limit: £123 per week.
  • Primary Threshold: £242 per week.
  • Secondary Threshold (ST): £175 per week.
  • Upper Earnings Limit (UEL): £967 per week.

Find the employee contribution rates here

Employer NIC 

You pay secondary contributions (employer’s National Insurance) to HMRC as part of your PAYE bill. 

  • Class 1: For employees earning above the Secondary Threshold, the rate remains at 13.8%.

3. Statutory Payments

Statutory Sick Pay (SSP):

The same SSP rate applies to all employees. However, the amount you pay depends on the number of ‘qualifying days’ they work each week.  Calculate your employee’s statutory sick pay here.

Statutory Maternity Pay (SMP), Paternity, Adoption, and Shared Parental Pay:

  • First 6 weeks: 90% of the employee’s average weekly earnings.
  • Remaining weeks: £172.48 or 90% of the employee’s average weekly earnings, whichever is lower.

4. Student Loan Deductions

If your employees’ earnings are above the earnings threshold, you must record their student loan and postgraduate loan deductions in your payroll software. It will automatically calculate and deduct repayments from their pay. There are several plans for student loan repayments:

  • Student loan plan threshold 1: £22,015 annually, threshold 2: £27,295 annually or threshold 4: £27,660 annually. Deduction rate: 9% on earnings above the threshold.
  • Postgraduate loan plan threshold: £21,000 annually. Deduction rate: 6% on earnings above the threshold.

5. Pension Contributions

Automatic enrolment obliges employers to enrol all workers into a qualifying workplace pension, provided that they ordinarily work in Great Britain and satisfy the age and earnings criteria.

Auto-enrolment thresholds:

  • Qualifying earnings band:
    • Lower level: £6,240 annually.
    • Upper level: £50,270 annually.

Minimum contribution rates:

  • Total minimum: 8% of qualifying earnings.
    • Employer’s minimum contribution: 3%.
    • Employee’s contribution: 5%.

6. Apprenticeship Levy

Employers with an annual pay bill of over £3 million are liable to pay.

  • Rate: 0.5% of the total pay bill.
  • Allowance: £15,000 annual allowance to offset against the levy payment.

7. Minimum Wage

The National Minimum Wage is the minimum pay per hour almost all workers are entitled to by law. 

From 1 April 2023, the minimum wages are:

  • Aged 23 and above (national living wage rate: £10.42
  • Aged 21 to 22: £10.18
  • Aged 18 to 20: £7.49
  • Aged under 18 (but above compulsory school leaving age) £5.28
  • Apprentices aged 19 and over but in the first year of their apprenticeship: £5.28

How Can I Find Out More?  

The government website should have the most up-to-date rates and thresholds. 

Find out detailed information on all the above and more here.

Understanding the details needn’t be daunting. If you ever feel lost, remember: Your business is our business, and we’re always here to lend a friendly ear and a helping hand. 

*All figures are correct at October 2023 and subject to change

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What Triggers an HMRC Compliance Check

For the tax affairs of individuals and businesses in the UK, the HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) is the governing authority that makes sure you’re toeing the line when it comes to tax laws. To maintain the integrity of the system, HMRC conducts compliance checks, also known as tax investigations. These can be daunting for anyone who finds themselves on the receiving end. Understanding what can trigger an HMRC compliance check is crucial for any taxpayer.

Common Triggers for HMRC Compliance Checks

  • Discrepancies in Tax Returns: The most common trigger is a discrepancy or anomaly in the tax return compared to previous years or similar businesses. This could include significant changes in income and expenses or making a large claim for a VAT refund when turnover is low. HMRC uses a sophisticated system to analyse returns, highlighting any that fall outside the norms for further inspection.
  • Late Filings and Payments: Consistently late filings or tax payments can raise red flags. This suggests to HMRC that there may be deeper issues with your financial management or a potential for incomplete or inaccurate reporting.
  • Informant Tips: Yes, HMRC receives tips, sometimes from disgruntled employees or competitors. If someone informs HMRC that a business or individual isn’t complying with tax laws, it may initiate a check.
  • Random Selection: Sometimes, there’s no specific reason; HMRC randomly selects tax profiles for investigation. It’s their way of keeping everyone on their toes and ensuring taxpayers maintain accurate records.
  • Sector-Specific Checks: HMRC periodically targets specific sectors where they believe tax avoidance or evasion is widespread. If your business operates within one of these sectors, your chances of a compliance check might increase during these campaigns.
  • Business Performance Inconsistencies: If your business shows markedly different performance metrics compared to others in your industry, HMRC might investigate to understand why. This doesn’t just apply to underperformance – unusually high success can also trigger a check.
  • International Transactions: With global transactions under increasing scrutiny, those who conduct a high volume of international business might find themselves subject to checks, especially if there are transactions from jurisdictions considered high-risk for tax evasion.

The Process of a Compliance Check

  • Initial Contact: A compliance check typically starts with HMRC notifying you, either through a letter or phone call. They will inform you of the check and what they need from you.
  • Gathering Information: HMRC will request specific documents, which could include personal or business bank statements, receipts, invoices, and accounting records. They may also want to look at your tax calculations and self-assessment returns in detail.
  • Meeting and Interviews: Sometimes, HMRC will ask to meet you or your accountant, or they may want to interview you to gather more information.
  • Outcome: Once HMRC has reviewed the necessary documentation and information, they will communicate their findings. If they find everything in order, they will close the investigation. If not, they may request additional payment of unpaid taxes, apply penalties, or, in severe cases, pursue criminal prosecution. In general, the more help you give, the lower the penalty will be.

How to Reduce the Risk of a Compliance Check

  • Accurate and Timely Filing: Ensure all tax returns are accurate and filed on time. Use professional accountancy services if you’re unsure about your ability to do this correctly.
  • Consistent Records: Maintain consistent and detailed financial records. This can make a compliance check much smoother and quicker.
  • Seek Professional Advice: If you’re in doubt about your tax affairs, it’s wise to seek advice from a qualified accountant or tax advisor. They can help you avoid pitfalls that might lead to a compliance check.
  • Disclose All Income: Declare all sources of income, including those from overseas. Full disclosure is always your safest bet.
  • Understand the Rules: Have a good understanding of the tax rules applicable to your business. If HMRC updates tax laws or guidance, make sure you’re following the new rules.
  • Report Changes: If there are legitimate reasons for changes in your income or business performance, report these proactively in your tax return.

Navigating Compliance Checks with Confidence

An HMRC compliance check can be a stressful experience, but understanding what can trigger an investigation is your first line of defence. Remember, most checks are initiated by anomalies or suspicions of incorrect tax reporting. By maintaining good records, submitting accurate and timely returns, and seeking professional guidance when necessary, you can minimise the chances of an HMRC compliance check disrupting your business or personal finances. If you need help keeping your records in order, don’t hesitate to reach out and speak to one of our tax return specialists. Our motto is ‘Tax Returns: Stress Deducted’ because we’re here to help keep your taxes on track, headache-free and hassle-free.

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How To Claim Corporation Tax Relief Costs On R&D If You’re An SME

As the UK continues to become a global hub for innovation, the government has implemented a range of financial incentives to encourage businesses to undertake research and development (R&D) activities. For example, the R&D tax credit system is designed specifically for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) and aims to lessen the financial burden of innovation costs. If you’re an SME working on projects in science and technology, it’s wise to take time to explore how to navigate this benefit to maximise your corporation tax relief to ensure you’re not paying more tax than you need to.

What is R&D Corporation Tax Relief for SMEs?

Before diving into the claiming process, it’s important to understand the tax relief itself. 

R&D Corporation Tax Relief allows SMEs to deduct an extra 86% of their qualifying R&D costs from their yearly profit. This is on top of the usual 100% deduction, making a total potential deduction of 186%.

For SMEs operating at a loss, there’s an option to claim a tax credit worth up to 10% of the surrenderable loss. In essence, it can provide a cash injection when the company needs it most.

Do You Qualify?

R&D tax relief is there to support companies working on innovative projects in science and technology. With this in mind, you can’t claim if the advance is in the arts, humanities or social sciences.

To claim R&D tax relief, you must be a UK-based SME with:

  • Fewer than 500 staff.
  • A turnover of under €100m or a balance sheet total under €86m.

What’s more, the R&D project should aim to achieve an advancement in science or technology, and you’ll need to show how a project had to or tried to overcome scientific or technological uncertainty.

Steps to Claim Corporation Tax Relief on R&D for SMEs

  1. Maintain Accurate Records: Ensure you have robust records detailing all R&D activities and associated costs. This will help calculate your R&D expenditure and provide evidence if HMRC ever asks to see it.
  1. Identify Qualifying R&D Activities: This is a nuanced process, and not all activities related to R&D might qualify. Generally, tasks directly contributing to seeking an advancement in science or technology, or supporting such activities, can be included.
  1. Define the Qualifying Expenses: These can include:
    • Staff salaries, wages, and NICs.
    • Certain subcontractor costs.
    • Materials and consumables used up in R&D processes.
    • Some types of software.
    • Data licence costs and cloud computing costs (for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2023)
    • Utilities, like power, water and fuel used in R&D.

Remember, the goal here is to focus on the tax relief and not the expenses per se. Therefore, make sure you’re meticulous in identifying what counts towards the relief. Find out more about which costs qualify here.

  1. Calculate the Enhanced Expenditure

Once you’ve identified the qualifying activities and expenses, there are a few calculations to do before preparing and submitting your claim, namely:

  1. Reduce any relevant subcontractor or external staff provider payments to 65% of the original cost.
  2. Add all the costs together.
  3. Multiplying the figure by 86%
  4. Add this to the original R&D expenditure figure.
  1. Before Submit a Claim Notification

From the 1st of April 2023, you might need to submit a claim notification form to let HMRC know your claim is coming. This is usually if you’re claiming for the first time or your last claim was made more than three years ago. Find out what you need to provide here.

  1. Submit a Claim Notification

From the 8th of August 2023, you must submit an additional information form to support your claim before you submit your company’s Corporation Tax Return. Failing to do so will result in your claim being removed. Find out more here.

  1. Prepare and Submit Your CT600: Your claim for R&D tax relief is made in your Company Tax Return by:
  • completing the single iXBRL computations file
  • putting an ‘X’ in box 656 to say you’ve submitted the claim notification form
  • putting an ‘X’ in box 657 to say you’ve submitted the additional information form
  • completing the supplementary form CT600L, if you’re claiming a payable tax credit or R&D expenditure credit
  1. Claim within Time Limits: Make your R&D tax relief claim within two years of the end of the accounting period the R&D expenditure was incurred. Also note that if your tax relief claim covers more than 12 months, you must submit a separate claim for each accounting period.

A Few Extra Considerations

When it comes to working out the financials for R&D costs and making a claim, there are a couple more things to consider.

External Investors: If your company has external investors, the staff, turnover, and balance sheets of any linked or partner enterprises may need to be included. Find out more here. 

R&D Tax Relief Advance Assurance: If you’re making your first claim for tax relief as an SME, you may be able to apply for advance assurance for your first three accounting periods. It’s a voluntary scheme to give assurance your claims will be processed without further enquiry from HMRC and is there to help businesses in their early phases of growth. Find out more here.

Final Thoughts

R&D Corporation Tax Relief offers a significant financial benefit to SMEs driving innovation in the UK. However, navigating the relief process can be intricate. By keeping comprehensive records, understanding the specifics of qualifying costs, and seeking expert advice when needed, your company can harness the full power of this incentive.

At Norwich Accountancy, we pride ourselves on guiding SMEs through the complexities of the tax landscape, helping you to capitalise on every available benefit. If you have questions or need assistance with your R&D tax relief claim, don’t hesitate to reach out. 

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What are the benefits of filing your company accounts early?

When it comes to business financial matters, there’s much to be said for getting ahead of the game. Although it’s probably not the most thrilling task on your business agenda, filing your company accounts early can provide huge advantages. 

Most UK businesses are required to prepare and file annual accounts at Companies House. But many leave this task until the last minute, rushing to meet their year-end deadline. However, an early filing strategy offers a range of benefits. Let’s explore some of them.

1. Reduced Stress

The financial year-end can be stressful, with businesses scrambling to get their finances in order and reconcile statements. By filing your accounts early, you eliminate the rush and the stress that goes with it. It ensures your business operates smoothly and efficiently, leaving no room for last-minute mistakes or oversights.

2. Better Planning and Decision Making

An early understanding of your financial position allows you to strategise for the year ahead. Knowing your tax liabilities or seeing areas of growth or potential concern can enable more informed decision-making. It allows you to allocate resources, invest wisely, or even consider business expansions with clarity and confidence.

3. Cash Flow Management

Tax obligations are often a source of worry for many companies. Finalising accounts early gives a clearer picture of any corporation tax due. This advanced knowledge can help with better cash flow management, ensuring you have sufficient funds to meet the tax bill when it’s due.

4. Mitigate Potential Issues

An early start means more time to identify and rectify any discrepancies or mistakes. If any issues need additional attention, such as discrepancies in financial statements or clarification from HMRC, you have ample time to address them without incurring penalties.

5. Enhanced Reputation

Timeliness is seen as a reflection of professionalism. Filing your accounts early can enhance your business’s reputation with stakeholders, including investors, banks, and customers. It signals that your company is well-organised, forward-thinking, and trustworthy.

6. Avoiding Penalties

Though this might seem obvious, it’s worth reiterating. Companies House imposes penalties for late filing. Missing your filing deadline could affect your credit score or access to finance. By ensuring your accounts are filed early, you avoid unnecessary fees and penalties. An early submission ensures you remain compliant and save money.

Why You Should Plan Early

At Norwich Accountancy, we always have our client’s best interests at heart. We recommend that our clients get prepared before the end of their financial year. Here’s why:

  • Personalised Attention

Coming in early allows us to provide a personalised, detailed service. It means we can spend quality time with each client, understanding their business nuances and offering tailored advice.

  • Strategic Tax Planning

We can assess potential tax reliefs, allowances, or even R&D tax credits you might be eligible for.

  • Addressing Concerns

If you have specific concerns or areas you’d like us to focus on, meeting early ensures we have ample time to delve deep. Whether that’s optimising expenses, considering new investments, or restructuring, we have the time to evaluate, suggest, and implement changes.

  • Peace of Mind

Finally, engaging with us early means one less thing on your to-do list as your financial year ends. You can focus on running your business, safe in the knowledge that your accounts are in capable hands.

It Pays to Stay Ahead

In business, as in life, it pays to have your proverbial ducks in a row. Filing your company accounts earlier than required isn’t just about compliance; it’s about harnessing the benefits that proactive financial management can bring. 

As qualified accountants and tax advisors, we’re here to guide, advise, and ensure your business financials are not just in order but optimised for growth and success. So, why wait? Let’s get a jumpstart on your accounts today.

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An Employers Guide to Statutory Maternity Pay

As employers, understanding the complexities of Statutory Maternity Pay (SMP) is crucial not just for compliance, but also for supporting the well-being of your employees. In the UK, maternity rights have long been at the forefront, and the recent introduction of the Protection from Redundancy (Pregnancy and Family Leave) Act 2023 has further highlighted why it’s so important. This guide aims to help you navigate the basics of SMP and provide insight into the new 2023 Act.

What is Statutory Maternity Pay (SMP)?

SMP is a weekly payment that eligible pregnant employees can claim when they take time off to have a baby. It’s a legal requirement for employers to provide this to qualified employees.

SMP is divided into two parts: ordinary maternity leave, followed by additional maternity leave. Each lasts 26 weeks, meaning eligible employees can take up to 52 weeks of maternity leave. By law, employees must take at least two weeks after the birth (or four weeks if they’re a factory worker)

Who’s eligible for SMP?

While all employees with a contract are entitled to Statutory Maternity Leave, to be eligible for SMP, an employee must:

  • be on your payroll in the ‘qualifying week’ – the 15th week before the expected week of childbirth
  • give you the correct notice
  • provide proof they’re pregnant
  • have been continuously employed by you for at least 26 weeks up to any day in the qualifying week
  • earn at least £123 a week (gross) in an 8-week ‘relevant period’

Some employment types,  like agency workers, directors and educational workers, have different rules for entitlement. Find out more here.

How much is SMP?

SMP is paid for up to 39 weeks:

  • For the first six weeks: 90% of the employee’s average weekly earnings (AWE) before tax.
  • For the next 33 weeks: £172.48* or 90% of their AWE (whichever is lower).

How do I calculate SMP?

Calculating SMP can be tricky, especially if the employee’s earnings are not consistent. The key is to calculate the Average Weekly Earnings. This generally involves working out the gross earnings over a specific 8-week period leading up to the 15th week before the baby is due.

If in doubt, use the Gov.UK’s maternity, adoption and paternity calculator for employers. Find the calculator here.

How and when to pay SMP?

SMP should be paid in the same way and at the same time as you would pay salaries, i.e., monthly or weekly. It’s subject to tax and National Insurance in the same way as wages.

Can I reclaim SMP?

Yes, you can usually reclaim 92% of SMP payments. If you qualify for Small Employers’ Relief you can reclaim 103%. Your business qualifies for this relief if the total SMP you paid in the tax year is less than £45,000.

The Protection from Redundancy (Pregnancy and Family Leave) Act 2023

The introduction of the 2023 Act has made waves in the realm of employment rights. Here’s what you need to know:

Purpose of the Act

The Act primarily aims to bolster protections for pregnant employees and those on family-related leave (like maternity or paternity leave) from redundancy. It stems from a recognition that these employees often face vulnerabilities in the workplace and aims to create a safer, more supportive environment.

Key Provisions

Though we’re still waiting for the regulations to bring the full proposals into effect, the Act’s core principle is clear: employers cannot make employees redundant during their pregnancy, maternity leave, or during a six-month protective period after the end of their maternity leave, unless in exceptional circumstances.

Implications for Employers

  1. Review Redundancy Protocols: Ensure your redundancy procedures comply with the new law. Redundancies involving pregnant or new mothers should be treated with extreme caution and sound justification.
  2. Training: Make sure your HR and management teams are fully briefed on the new legislation to prevent inadvertent breaches.
  3. Document Decisions: Always document decision-making processes, especially when it concerns redundancies. In any disputes, having a clear paper trail will be invaluable.
  4. Open Communication: Keep lines of communication open with your employees. Clear understanding and transparency can prevent misunderstandings and foster trust.

Informed and in the know

Navigating the world of Statutory Maternity Pay and the new 2023 Act might seem daunting. But with a clear understanding and proactive approach, it’s entirely manageable. If you’re unsure how the maternity law changes will affect you or your business, or if you’ve any further questions, it’s a good idea to speak to an employment law specialist. As always, promoting a supportive and understanding workplace culture will go a long way in ensuring the well-being of your employees and the smooth operation of your business.

Stay tuned for more updates on the regulations of the 2023 Act, and for any further assistance or accounting needs, don’t hesitate to get in touch.

*figures are subject to annual changes. For current figures, take a look here

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Our Guide to UK Corporation Tax

Navigating the world of UK business taxes can sometimes feel like wandering through a dense forest without a map. Whether you’re a business owner or just curious about how the tax works, you’ve landed at the right place. Let’s unravel the mysteries of UK Corporation Tax in this easy-to-follow guide.

What is Corporation Tax?

At its core, Corporation Tax is a bit like income tax but for companies. Every year, companies need to pay a portion of their profits to the government, and that’s what we call Corporation Tax.

Being a yearly tax on the profits generated by limited businesses and incorporated bodies it’s calculated based on the company’s accounting period, which is usually due for payment every 12 months, or 9 months in the year from 31st March depending on when your annual accounting period ends. 

Who pays Corporation Tax?

If you run a limited company in the UK – whether that’s a small business, a start-up, or a large enterprise, you’ll need to pay Corporation Tax on all your profits. This includes companies that are incorporated in the UK, as well as companies that are incorporated overseas, and have a permanent establishment in the UK.

You must pay Corporation Tax on profits from doing business as:

  • a limited company
  • any foreign company with a UK branch or office
  • a club, co-operative or other unincorporated association, for example, a community group or sports club

How much is it?

The rate you pay differs depending on the amount of profit you make.

  • If you made company profits of more than £250,000, you’ll pay the ‘main rate’ or Corporation tax, which is currently 25%.*
  • If your company made a profit between £50,000* and £250,000* you may be entitled to Marginal Relief which provides a gradual increase between the small and main rate. Find out if you are eligible here.
  • If you made a £50,000* or less profit, you’ll pay the ‘small profits rate’ which is 19%*

How is corporation tax calculated?

The formula is simple:

Corporation Tax = Taxable Profits x Corporation Tax Rate

The tricky part is figuring out what counts as taxable profits, which can include:

  • Trading profits
  • Investments
  • Selling assets (like business property or shares)

Remember, costs like salaries, business expenses, and certain allowances can reduce your taxable profits.

It’s calculated on the profits generated during a company’s accounting period after expenses, such as the cost of goods sold, salaries and rent, have been deducted. 

Deductions and Reliefs

If you’re worried about how much corporation tax you’ll have to pay, the good news is that there are a few reliefs and allowances you can use to claim against your profits like research and development allowances, relief for creative industries and capital allowances.

Find out all the allowances and reliefs here

How and when to pay?

You don’t get a bill for Corporation Tax. Instead, there are specific things you need to work out, pay and report.

To pay, you’ll need to:

  1. Register for Corporation Tax 
  2. Keep accounting records 
  3. Calculate your Corporation Tax (or hire an accountant to do it!)
  4. Pay HMRC – you can do this by Faster Payments, CHAPS or Bacs or over the phone. You’ll need to report if you have nothing to pay by your deadline. This is usually 9 months and 1 day after the end of your accounting period, which is typically the end of your financial year. 
  5. File your Company Tax Return by your deadline – usually 12 months after the end of your accounting period.

What are the penalties for not paying corporation tax?

On a more serious note, companies that don’t pay their corporation tax on time are liable to incur penalties applied by HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC). The penalties can be significant but may also lead to criminal prosecution. They also increase the longer you leave it to pay.

Current penalties are: 

  • 1 day: £100*
  • 3 months: £200*
  • 6 months: HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) will estimate your Corporation Tax bill and add a penalty of 10%* the unpaid tax.
  • 12 months: Another 10%* of any unpaid tax.
  • If your tax return is late 3 times in a row, the £100 penalties are increased to £500* each.

If you have a reasonable excuse, you can appeal by writing to your company’s Corporation Tax office.

What if I make a mistake?

Mistakes happen. If you realise you’ve made an error on your tax return after it’s been submitted, you can amend it within 12 months. If you’re unsure, it’s always best to get advice from an accountant. To make changes you can:

  • Use commercial software
  • Send a paper return or write to your company’s Corporation Tax office.

Keeping Records

The UK law mandates that you keep records of your company’s income, costs, and other financial transactions for at least 6 years. This helps in case HMRC wants to review your tax calculation or if you need to revisit any data.

How can I find out more about corporation tax?

The government website has a lot of information about corporation tax, including the current rates of tax, how to calculate it on your profits and the penalties incurred for non-payment. 

Find out detailed information here.

Understanding Corporation Tax doesn’t need to be daunting. While there are intricacies to the process, a bit of knowledge and the help of a good accountant can make it all manageable. If you ever feel lost, remember: Your business is our business and we’re always here to lend a friendly ear and a helping hand. 

*All figures are correct at September 2023 and subject to change

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What is the Gross Payment Status (GPS) Compliance Test and How to Apply

The construction industry in the UK operates under a unique tax system known as the Construction Industry Scheme (CIS). If you’re a contractor or subcontractor in this industry, understanding the CIS, specifically the Gross Payment Status (GPS), can be crucial for your business finances. So, what is the Gross Payment Status Compliance Test, and how can you apply for it? Let’s dive in.

What is Gross Payment Status (GPS)?

Within the CIS, contractors usually deduct tax at source from payments made to subcontractors. This means that subcontractors receive payments after the tax has been deducted. However, businesses with a Gross Payment Status receive their payments in full, without any deductions. Instead, they are responsible for managing their tax and National Insurance contributions.

Benefits of GPS

  • Improved Cash Flow: As your payments are not subject to up-front deductions, you have better control over your funds.
  • Business Reputation: Achieving and maintaining GPS can elevate your reputation in the construction industry. It indicates financial stability and reliability in managing tax obligations.

Achieving GPS can be beneficial, but to be eligible a subcontractor must pass the GPS Compliance Test.

GPS Compliance Test

The GPS Compliance Test makes sure subcontractors can be trusted to handle their own taxes responsibly. The main criteria include:

  1. Business Test: The construction work must be undertaken in the UK and run through a bank account.
  2. Turnover Test: There’s a threshold for the turnover from construction work. HMRC evaluates your past year’s turnover, excluding VAT and material costs. The required turnover is:
  • £30,000 for sole traders.
  • £30,000 per partner in a partnership or a minimum of £100,000 for the entire partnership.
  • £30,000 per company director or a minimum of £100,000 for the entire company.
  • For companies controlled by 5 or fewer people, the annual turnover must be £30,000 for each individual.
  1. Compliance Test: You must show a good record of tax returns and payments for the previous 12 months. No late submissions, unpaid tax or overdue amounts!

If you pass all three parts of the test, you can apply for GPS. But remember, you have to continue meeting these criteria because HMRC reviews the status annually.

How to Apply for Gross Payment Status

  1. CIS Registration: Before applying for GPS make sure you’re registered under the CIS. Both contractors and subcontractors need to be registered. You can apply when you register for the CIS or at a later date.
  1. Application:

If applying at the same time as registering for CIS:

  1. Sign in to Government Gateway. 
  2. From ‘Your tax account’, go to ‘Other services’. 
  3. Choose ‘Construction Industry Scheme – Subcontractors.

If applying after you register for CIS:

  1. Call the CIS helpline.
  2. Fill in a form.
  3. Supporting Documentation: You may be asked to provide certain documents such as business accounts, VAT returns, and evidence of operating your business through a bank account.
  4. Compliance Checks: HMRC will conduct checks to ensure you meet all the criteria for the GPS Compliance Test.
  5. Approval: If your application is successful, you’ll be granted GPS, and contractors won’t make deductions from your payments. You will, however, be responsible for paying your tax and National Insurance at the end of the tax year.
  6. Regular Review: HMRC reviews your status annually. Stay compliant with all your tax obligations to maintain your GPS.

        Helping You Navigate The GPS

        Navigating the Gross Payment Status (GPS) might sound complex, but the perks for subcontractors are huge. Just remember, staying on top of your taxes is the key. The HMRC sees GPS as a trust badge, given only to those who’ve earned it.

        Thinking of diving into GPS? Make sure your finances are tidy, and keep an eye on any CIS or GPS updates. With the right approach, GPS can be a game-changer for your business.

        Find current HMRC CIS info here

        Find current HMRC GPS info here

        Need a hand? As your go-to tax partners, we’ll simplify the CIS, manage your payments, and make sure your tax returns are on point. Our goal? Letting you focus on building great things, while we handle the numbers.

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        Income Tax Explained For Sole Traders

        Navigating the world of income tax can be daunting, especially for sole traders with no colleagues to turn to. Whether you’ve recently ventured into self-employment or have been flying solo for a while, understanding your tax obligations is crucial. In this blog, we’ll simplify income tax for sole traders, helping you gain clarity and confidence in tackling your tax head-on.

        Who is a Sole Trader?

        First and foremost, let’s understand what it means to be a sole trader. A sole trader is an individual who runs their own business and is considered self-employed. Unlike limited companies, sole traders don’t have a separate legal identity from their business. This means the business’s profits and losses directly affect the individual’s finances.

        Income tax basics

        Income tax is the tax you pay on your earnings. For sole traders, this means the turnover you make from your business minus allowable expenses. The amount you owe is calculated annually through the Self-Assessment tax system.

        Every year, by the 5th of October for paper returns and the 31st of January for online returns, sole traders must complete and submit a Self-Assessment tax return to HMRC. This outlines your earnings and expenses for the previous tax year (from 6th April to the following 5th April).

        Allowable expenses

        One advantage of being a sole trader is that you can deduct certain costs, known as “allowable expenses”, from your turnover before tax. Common allowable expenses include:

        • Office costs (e.g., phone bills, stationery)
        • Travel costs (e.g., fuel, public transport)
        • Clothing expenses (e.g., uniforms)
        • Staff costs (e.g., salaries, freelance work)
        • Things you buy to sell on (e.g., stock, raw materials)
        • Financial costs (e.g., insurance, bank charges)
        • Advertising or marketing (e.g., website costs)

        Remember to keep a detailed record of these expenses, as HMRC may ask you to prove them.

        How much income tax do I pay?

        The amount of self-employment tax you’ll pay depends on your income and any business expenses. The government allocates a personal allowance, which is the amount you can earn tax-free in a financial year. For the 2023/24 tax year, the personal allowance is set at £12,570*.

        But once you’ve exceeded your personal allowance, you’ll pay tax on your income earned above this at the following rates:

        • Basic rate: £12,571 to £50,270 – 20%.*
        • Higher rate: £50,271 to £125,140 – 40%.*
        • Additional rate: Over £125,140 – 45%.*

        For instance, if you made a profit of £40,000 (after deducting allowable expenses), you’d owe no tax on the first £12,570 and 20% on the remaining £27,430.

        How do I pay my income tax?

        Being self-employed, you’ll pay tax on your sole trader profits through the government’s self-assessment scheme. This means completing a self-assessment tax return and submitting it to HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) annually.

        The deadline for submitting your online self-assessment tax return is 31st January of every year. It’s important to note that, if you miss the deadline, you could be liable for a penalty.

        Sign up or sign in and file your Self Assessment tax return here.

        Payments on Account

        This is a system used by HMRC to collect tax in advance from those who owe tax from the previous year. If your tax bill from the previous year was over £1,000 and only a small amount was deducted at source (e.g., from wages or pensions), you’d likely have to make “payments on account”.

        You make these payments in two instalments: by midnight on 31st January (covering the first half of the tax year) and 31st July (covering the second half). Each payment is half of your previous year’s tax bill.

        What if I make a loss?

        If your business makes a loss, as some sole traders do, the loss is carried forward to the following financial year and used to offset future profits. The result is you won’t have to pay tax on any future profits until you’ve recouped the loss of the previous year.

        National Insurance

        As well as income tax, sole traders also need to pay National Insurance contributions. There are two types relevant to sole traders:

        • Class 2 National Insurance: A flat weekly rate of £3.45 if your profits are £12,570 or more a year (for the 2023/24 tax year*). Even if your profits are under the threshold, it’s a good idea to keep paying your Class 2 National Insurance to make sure you qualify for certain state benefits, including the state pension.
        • Class 4 National Insurance: 9% on profits between £12,570 and £50,270
          2% on profits over £50,270 (for the 2023/24 tax year*)

        Tips for managing your taxes

        • Stay Organised: Keep a detailed record of your income and expenses. Use accounting software or hire an accountant if necessary.
        • Save Regularly: Put aside a percentage of your income for taxes to avoid a last-minute scramble.
        • Stay Updated: Tax rules and rates can change. Regularly check the HMRC website or speak to your accountant.

        So, while income tax obligations might seem overwhelming at first, understanding the basics is the first step to efficient and stress-free tax management for sole traders. With organisation, diligence, and possibly some professional guidance, you can master your taxes and focus on running your business.

        If you still have questions about taxes as a sole trader or need a hand to complete your tax return, get in touch or contact us online here. Don’t forget – we’re all about tax returns with stress deducted. 

        * Remember, these figures can change annually based on government decisions

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        What is IR35 and How Do the Rules Affect You?

        Have you heard about IR35 and wondered what it is? Or, maybe you’re a freelancer or contractor who knows a little bit about it but are unsure if it applies to you.

        If you want to find out the ins and outs of IR35, let’s look at what it means and how the tax rules around it affect you.

        Decoding IR35

        IR35, often called ‘off-payroll working rules,’ is tax legislation introduced in the UK in 2000. 

        Its primary aim was to prevent ‘disguised employment’. This is where individuals who operate like regular employees use an intermediary to be paid for their services, reducing their income tax and National Insurance Contributions (NICs). An intermediary in this instance is often a personal service company (PSC). A PSC isn’t defined in law but is typically a limited company that a worker controls and has some interest in, through which the worker provides their services.

        The legislation ensures that if a contractor functions similarly to an employee, they pay roughly the same Income Tax and NICs as employees.

        IR35 Changes from April 2021:

        Significant changes to IR35 rules were introduced in April 2021 for private-sector employers. Before these changes, it was up to the contractor’s intermediary to determine their IR35 status. Now, for medium and large businesses, it’s the responsibility of the hiring organisation to determine the IR35 status of a contractor.

        Whom Does IR35 Affect?

        You might be thinking, “Well, I’m not a contractor, so this doesn’t affect me.” However, IR35 has a broader reach. It impacts:

        1. Workers, Contractors and Freelancers – Especially those who provide services via an intermediary (like PSC, a partnership, or even another individual). If you’re partnered with an umbrella company as an employee, IR35 might not affect you directly.
        2. Employers (or Clients) – This includes anyone who uses the services of a contractor. They could be the engager, hirer, or end client.
        3. Agencies – Any entity that helps place workers in roles where they provide their services through an intermediary.

        When Does IR35 Kick in?

        IR35 rules become relevant when the worker (contractor) who provides services to a client through their intermediary would have been an employee if they provide their services directly to that client. 

        Who gets to decide if a contractor falls under the scope of IR35 depends on the client’s sector and size:

        • Public Sector: The client makes the determination.
        • Private & Voluntary Sectors: Typically, the client decides. However, if the client is a small business, the onus is on the worker’s intermediary.
        • Agencies: Regardless of size, agencies have specific responsibilities under the IR35 rules.

        How Does it Work?

        The key is understanding the concept of ‘inside IR35’ and ‘outside IR35’:

        • Inside IR35: If your working arrangement is similar to traditional employment, you’re ‘inside IR35’. You may need to pay the same tax and NICs as an employee. However, you won’t necessarily receive traditional employee benefits, such as pension contributions or paid leave.
        • Outside IR35: If your arrangement is genuinely that of a business providing services, you’re ‘outside IR35’, meaning you can be paid gross and manage your own taxes.

        If a client determines that a contractor falls within the IR35 rules, they must:

        • Produce a Status Determination Statement (SDS) detailing the reasons for this determination.
        • Deduct Income Tax and employee National Insurance contributions from the fees given to the contractor’s intermediary.
        • Pay Employer National Insurance contributions and, if applicable, the Apprenticeship Levy to HMRC.

        Factors Determining IR35 Status

        These aren’t the only determinants but are some of the most pivotal:

        1. Supervision, Direction, and Control: How much say does your client have over how, when, and where you complete the work?
        2. Substitution: Can someone else replace you, or are you personally required to provide the services?
        3. Mutuality of Obligation (MOO): Is the client obliged to offer you work, and are you obliged to accept it?

        Navigating the IR35 Maze

        If you’re puzzled about a worker’s employment status for tax, the government provides the Check Employment Status for Tax (CEST) tool to give you clarity.

        Another critical point is that the IR35 assessment is on a contract-by-contract basis. This means a contractor could have multiple assignments, some under IR35 and some outside its ambit.

        How Do The Rules Affect You?

        1. Financial Implications: As a contractor, being ‘inside IR35’ could significantly increase the tax and NICs you owe. Some contractors have seen their net income reduced by up to 25%.
        2. Contractual Changes: Companies wary of the IR35 legislation might change how they engage with freelancers and contractors, opting for short-term engagements or using umbrella companies.
        3. Administrative Burden: There’s an increased administrative load, especially for employers who need to determine the IR35 status of every contractor they engage.
        4. Potential for Disputes: As with any tax matter, disagreements can arise over whether a contractor is genuinely ‘inside’ or ‘outside’ IR35. It’s crucial to ensure all contractual agreements are clear and to seek expert advice if you need more clarification.

        Understanding IR35 rules: extra tips

        The IR35 rules can be complex, so here are our extra tips for contractors affected by IR35:

        • Keep good records. Keep good records of contractors’ work, including their contracts, invoices and timesheets. This demonstrates they are not your employees and are not subject to the IR35 rules.
        • Review your contract. If you’re working through a PSC, review your contract to ensure it’s IR35 compliant. If not, you may need to renegotiate the contract with the company.
        • Get professional advice. If you’re unsure whether the IR35 rules apply to you, always seek professional advice from an accountant or tax advisor. They’ll be able to help you understand the rules and make sure you are compliant.

        Here to help

        If you’re a contractor, or an employer or agency working with contractors, it’s essential to understand the IR35 rules and how they may affect you. 

        We hope you found this article useful and that it has helped clear up any questions you have, but if there are areas you’d like more information on, or for any other matters around tax and payroll, we’re always here to help.

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